1310nm Optical Modules Gain Traction in Data Centers Metro Networks

In the vast digital infrastructure that powers modern communication, data races through fiber optic networks at lightning speeds, enabling everything from video streaming to cloud computing. At the heart of this system lies an unsung hero: the 1310nm optical module. This critical component serves as a reliable messenger, efficiently transmitting data across data centers, enterprise backbone networks, and metropolitan access networks.

• Typical value: 1310nm (±20nm, depending on module type)
• Operates in the O-band (Original band: 1260-1360nm), which exhibits minimal dispersion, making it ideal for medium-distance transmission.

• LR (Long Reach): Up to 10/40 km on single-mode fiber (SMF)
• LX (Long Wavelength): Commonly used in Gigabit Ethernet, supporting up to 10 km on SMF. With mode conditioning patch cables, it can also work on multimode fiber (MMF) for shorter distances.

• Laser types: FP (Fabry-Perot) or DFB (Distributed Feedback), depending on data rate and transmission distance
• FP lasers : Used in lower-cost modules (1G/2.5G) for short to medium distances
• DFB lasers : Feature narrower spectral linewidth, essential for higher speeds (10G+) and longer distances
• Spectral width (FP laser): Typically 30-60 nm (FWHM)
• Spectral width (DFB laser): Typically less than 1 nm

• 1.25G SFP (1000BASE-LX) : Up to 10 km on SMF
• 10G SFP+ LR : 1310nm DFB laser, up to 10 km transmission
• 25G SFP28 LR : 1310nm, up to 20 km transmission
• 100G QSFP28 LR4 : Uses 4x 25G channels at 1310nm wavelength with WDM technology, supporting 10 km SMF transmission

• Transmit power: -8 dBm to +0.5 dBm (10G LR)
• Receiver sensitivity: Approximately -14.4 dBm (10G LR, BER ≤ 10⁻¹²)
• Extinction ratio: ≥ 3.5 dB (10G LR)
• Operating temperature: Commercial: 0°C to +70°C, Industrial: -40°C to +85°C

• Low dispersion : Operating in the O-band minimizes signal distortion during medium-distance transmission.
• Cost-effective : More economical than 1550nm solutions for applications ≤10 km.
• Broad compatibility : Supports Ethernet, SONET/SDH, OTN, and 5G fronthaul/midhaul networks.
• Multiple form factors : Available in SFP, SFP+, SFP28, QSFP28, and CFP packages.
• Flexible rate options : Offers various speeds from 1G to 100G, facilitating easier upgrades.

• Distance constraints : Compared to 1550nm modules, 1310nm modules have limited transmission distance and aren't suitable for ultra-long-haul applications.
• Dispersion compensation : For transmissions exceeding 10 km, dispersion compensation may be required, increasing system complexity and cost.

The 1310nm optical module continues to play a pivotal role in modern optical communication systems. Its balanced performance characteristics and cost efficiency make it a preferred choice for numerous applications where reliable, medium-distance data transmission is required. As network demands evolve, this versatile technology adapts through various form factors and speed options, maintaining its relevance in an increasingly connected world.